Diagnostic Histopathology
Volume 14, Issue 1 , Pages 18-27 , January 2008

Melanoma in children and adolescents

References 

  1. Desmond RA, Soong SJ. Epidemiology of malignant melanoma. Surg Clin North Am. 2003;83:1–29
  2. Siskind V, Aitken J, Green A, Martin N. Sun exposure and interaction with family history in risk of melanoma, Queensland, Australia. Int J Cancer. 2002;97:90–95
  3. Houghton AN, Polsky D. Focus on melanoma. Cancer Cell. 2002;2:275–278
  4. Pappo AS. Melanoma in children and adolescents. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:2651–2661
  5. de Vries E, Bray FI, Coebergh JW, Parkin DM. Changing epidemiology of malignant cutaneous melanoma in Europe 1953–1997: rising trends in incidence and mortality but recent stabilizations in western Europe and decreases in Scandinavia. Int J Cancer. 2003;107:119–126
  6. Hamre MR, Chuba P, Bakhshi S, Thomas R, Severson RK. Cutaneous melanoma in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2002;19:309–317
  7. Scalzo DA, Hida CA, Toth G, Sober AJ, Mihm MC. Childhood melanoma: a clinicopathological study of 22 cases. Melanoma Res. 1997;7:63–68
  8. Richardson SK, Tannous ZS, Mihm MC. Congenital and infantile melanoma: review of the literature and report of an uncommon variant, pigment-synthesizing melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47:77–90
  9. Strouse JJ, Fears TR, Tucker MA, Wayne AS. Pediatric melanoma: risk factor and survival analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology and end results database. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4735–4741
  10. Berg P, Lindelof B. Differences in malignant melanoma between children and adolescents. A 35-year epidemiological study. Arch Dermatol. 1997;133:295–297
  11. McWhirter WR, Dobson C, Ring I. Childhood cancer incidence in Australia, 1982–1991. Int J Cancer. 1996;65:34–38
  12. Karlsson P, Boeryd B, Sander B, Westermark P, Rosdahl I. Increasing incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in children and adolescents 12–19 years of age in Sweden 1973–92. Acta Dermatol Venereol. 1998;78:289–292
  13. Pearce MS, Parker L, Cotterill SJ, Gordon PM, Craft AW. Skin cancer in children and young adults: 28 years’ experience from the Northern Region Young Person’s Malignant Disease Registry, UK. Melanoma Res. 2003;13:421–426
  14. Jelfs PL, Giles G, Shugg D, et al. Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Australia, 1989. Med J Aust. 1994;161:182–187
  15. Whiteman D, Valery P, McWhirter W, Green A. Incidence of cutaneous childhood melanoma in Queensland, Australia. Int J Cancer. 1995;63:765–768
  16. Alexander A, Samlowski WE, Grossman D, et al. Metastatic melanoma in pregnancy: risk of transplacental metastases in the infant. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2179–2186
  17. Boddie AW, Smith JL, McBride CM. Malignant melanoma in children and young adults: effect of diagnostic criteria on staging and end results. South Med J. 1978;71:1074–1078
  18. Saenz NC, Saenz-Badillos J, Busam K, LaQuaglia MP, Corbally M, Brady MS. Childhood melanoma survival. Cancer. 1999;85:750–754
  19. Jafarian F, Powell J, Kokta V, et al. Malignant melanoma in childhood and adolescence: report of 13 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:816–822
  20. Ferrari A, Bono A, Baldi M, et al. Does melanoma behave differently in younger children than in adults? A retrospective study of 33 cases of childhood melanoma from a single institution. Pediatrics. 2005;115:649–654
  21. Mones JM, Ackerman AB. Melanomas in prepubescent children: review comprehensively, critique historically, criteria diagnostically, and course biologically. Am J Dermatopathol. 2003;25:223–238
  22. Whiteman DC, Valery P, McWhirter W, Green AC. Risk factors for childhood melanoma in Queensland, Australia. Int J Cancer. 1997;70:26–31
  23. Youl P, Aitken J, Hayward N, et al. Melanoma in adolescents: a case-control study of risk factors in Queensland, Australia. Int J Cancer. 2002;98:92–98
  24. Novakovic B, Clark WH, Fears TR, Fraser MC, Tucker MA. Melanocytic nevi, dysplastic nevi, and malignant melanoma in children from melanoma-prone families. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;33:631–636
  25. Spatz A, Avril MF. Melanoma in childhood: review and perspectives. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 1998;1:463–474
  26. Tannous ZS, Mihm MC, Sober AJ, Duncan LM. Congenital melanocytic nevi: clinical and histopathologic features, risk of melanoma, and clinical management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:197–203
  27. Kopf AW, Bart RS, Hennessey P. Congenital nevocytic nevi and malignant melanomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1979;1:123–130
  28. Ruiz-Maldonado R, Tamayo L, Laterza AM, Duran C. Giant pigmented nevi: clinical, histopathologic, and therapeutic considerations. J Pediatr. 1992;120:906–911
  29. Marghoob AA, Schoenbach SP, Kopf AW, Orlow SJ, Nossa R, Bart RS. Large congenital melanocytic nevi and the risk for the development of malignant melanoma. A prospective study. Arch Dermatol. 1996;132:170–175
  30. Krengel S, Hauschild A, Schafer T. Melanoma risk in congenital melanocytic naevi: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155:1–8
  31. Ford D, Bliss JM, Swerdlow AJ, et al. Risk of cutaneous melanoma associated with a family history of the disease. The International Melanoma Analysis Group (IMAGE). Int J Cancer. 1995;62:377–381
  32. Goldstein AM, Chidambaram A, Halpern A, et al. Rarity of CDK4 germline mutations in familial melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2002;12:51–55
  33. Euvrard S, Kanitakis J, Claudy A. Skin cancers after organ transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1681–1691
  34. Moloney FJ, Comber H, O’Lorcain P, O’Kelly P, Conlon PJ, Murphy GM. A population-based study of skin cancer incidence and prevalence in renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:498–504
  35. Le Mire L, Hollowood K, Gray D, Bordea C, Wojnarowska F. Melanomas in renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:472–477
  36. Penn I. Malignant melanoma in organ allograft recipients. Transplantation. 1996;61:274–278
  37. Laing ME, Moloney FJ, Comber H, Conlon P, Murphy GM. Malignant melanoma in renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155:857
  38. Grob JJ, Bastuji-Garin S, Vaillant L, et al. Excess of nevi related to immunodeficiency: a study in HIV-infected patients and renal transplant recipients. J Invest Dermatol. 1996;107:694–697
  39. Corpron CA, Black CT, Ross MI, et al. Melanoma as a second malignant neoplasm after childhood cancer. Am J Surg. 1996;172:459–461
  40. Curtis RE, Rowlings PA, Deeg HJ, et al. Solid cancers after bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:897–904
  41. Smith MB, Xue H, Strong L, et al. Forty-year experience with second malignancies after treatment of childhood cancer: analysis of outcome following the development of the second malignancy. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28:1342–1348
  42. Rao BN, Hayes FA, Pratt CB, et al. Malignant melanoma in children: its management and prognosis. J Pediatr Surg. 1990;25:198–203
  43. Spatz A, Ruiter D, Hardmeier T, et al. Melanoma in childhood: an EORTC-MCG multicenter study on the clinico-pathological aspects. Int J Cancer. 1996;68:317–324
  44. Leman JA, Evans A, Mooi W, MacKie RM. Outcomes and pathological review of a cohort of children with melanoma. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152:1321–1323
  45. Barnhill RL, Flotte TJ, Fleischli M, Perez-Atayde A. Cutaneous melanoma and atypical Spitz tumors in childhood. Cancer. 1995;76:1833–1845
  46. Mehregan AH, Mehregan DA. Malignant melanoma in childhood. Cancer. 1993;71:4096–4103
  47. Tate PS, Ronan SG, Feucht KA, Eng AM, Das Gupta TK. Melanoma in childhood and adolescence: clinical and pathological features of 48 cases. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28:217–222
  48. Barnhill RL. The Spitzoid lesion: rethinking Spitz tumors, atypical variants, ‘Spitzoid melanoma’ and risk assessment. Mod Pathol. 2006;19(suppl 2):S21–S33
  49. Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm MC, Busam K. Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called ‘malignant blue nevus’. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:316–323
  50. Antony FC, Sanclemente G, Shaikh H, Trelles AS, Calonje E. Pigment synthesizing melanoma (so-called animal type melanoma): a clinicopathological study of 14 cases of a poorly known distinctive variant of melanoma. Histopathology. 2006;48:754–762
  51. Spitz S. Melanoma of childhood. Am J Pathol. 1948;24:591–609
  52. Mones JM, Ackerman AB. “Atypical” Spitz’s nevus, “malignant” Spitz’s nevus, and “metastasizing” Spitz’s nevus: a critique in historical perspective of three concepts flawed fatally. Am J Dermatopathol. 2004;26:310–333
  53. Balch CM, Buzaid AC, Soong SJ, et al. Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3635–3648
  54. Barnhill RL, Argenyi ZB, From L, et al. Atypical Spitz nevi/tumors: lack of consensus for diagnosis, discrimination from melanoma, and prediction of outcome. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:513–520
  55. Schmid-Wendtner MH, Berking C, Baumert J, et al. Cutaneous melanoma in childhood and adolescence: an analysis of 36 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46:874–879
  56. Conti EM, Cercato MC, Gatta G, Ramazzotti V, Roscioni S, EUROCARE Working Group . Childhood melanoma in Europe since 1978: a population-based survival study. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37:780–784

PII: S1756-2317(07)00122-3

doi: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2007.11.004

Diagnostic Histopathology
Volume 14, Issue 1 , Pages 18-27 , January 2008