Diagnostic Histopathology
Volume 15, Issue 5 , Pages 225-231 , May 2009

Paediatric HIV-related skin diseases

References 

  1. UNAIDS . 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Also available at: http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/GlobalReport/2008/2008_Global_report.asp(accessed 26 December 2008)
  2. UNICEF, UNAIDS, World Health Organization, UNFPA . Children and HIV/AIDS: third stocktaking report. Also available at: http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/CATSR_EN_11202008.pdf(accessed 26 December 2008)
  3. Wananukul S, Deekajorndech T, Panchareon , Thisyakorn U. Mucocutaneous findings in pediatric AIDS related to degree of immunosuppression. Pediatr Dermatol. 2003;20:289–294
  4. Shah SR, Tullu MS, Kamat JR. Clinical profile of pediatric HIV infection from India. Arch Med Res. 2005;36:24–31
  5. Easterbrook PJ. HIV immune reconstitution syndrome in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS. 2008;22:643–645
  6. Gottschalk GM. Pediatric HIV/AIDS and the skin: an update. Dermatol Clin. 2006;24:531–536
  7. Grayson W. The HIV-positive skin biopsy. J Clin Pathol. 2008;61:802–817
  8. Straka BF, Whitaker DL, Morrison SH, Oleske JM, Grant-Kels JM. Cutaneous manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988;18:1089–1102
  9. Prose NS. HIV infection in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22:1223–1231
  10. Prose NS. Cutaneous manifestations of pediatric HIV infection. Pediatr Dermatol. 1990;9:326–328
  11. Torre D, Zeroli C, Fiori GP, Ferraro G, Speranza F. Dermatologic manifestations of AIDS in children. Pediatrician. 1991;18:195–203
  12. Nance KV, Smith ML, Joshi VV. Cutaneous manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children. Int J Dermatol. 1991;30:531–539
  13. Prose NS. Cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection in children. Dermatol Clin. 1991;9:543–550
  14. Prose NS. Cutaneous manifestations of pediatric HIV infection. Pediatr Dermatol. 1992;9:326–328
  15. Whitworth JM, Janniger CK, Oleske JM, Schwartz RA. Cutaneous manifestations of childhood acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Cutis. 1995;55:70–72
  16. Wananukul S, Thisyakorn U. Mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV infection in 91 children born to HIV-seropositive women. Pediatr Dermatol. 1999;16:359–363
  17. Stefanaki C, Stratigos AJ, Stratigos JD. Skin manifestations of HIV-1 infection in children. Clin Dermatol. 2002;20:74–86
  18. Lim W, Sadick N, Gupta A, Kaplan M, Pahwa S. Skin diseases in children with HIV infection and their association with degree of immunosuppression. Int J Dermatol. 1990;29:24–30
  19. Sugarman RW, Church JA, Goldsmith JC, Ens GE. Acquired protein S deficiency in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996;15:106–111
  20. Bonamigo R, Maldonado G, Londero RM, Cartell A. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like disorder in a teenager with HIV and HCV infections. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:456–457
  21. Prose NS, von Knebel-Doeberitz C, Miller S, Milburn PB, Heilman E. Widespread flat warts associated with human papillomavirus type 5: a cutaneous manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;23:978–981
  22. Chitsike I, Muronda C. Bacillary angiomatosis in an HIV positive child. First case report in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med. 1997;43:238–239
  23. Ramdial PK, Morar N, Dlova NC, Aboobaker J. HIV-associated eosinophilic folliculitis in an infant. Am J Dermatopathol. 1999;21:241–246
  24. El Hachem M, Bernardi S, Pianosi G, Krzysztofiak A, Livadiotti S, Gattinara GC. Mucocutaneous manifestations in children with HIV infection and AIDS. Pediatr Dermatol. 1998;15:429–434
  25. Smith KJ, Skelton HJ, Yeager J, et al. Increased drug reactions in HIV-1–positive patients: a possible explanation based on patterns of immune dysregulation seen in HIV-1 disease. The Military Medical Consortium for the Advancement of Retroviral Research (MMCARR). Clin Exp Dermatol. 1997;22:118–123
  26. Johnson RA. Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus disease. In:  Freedberg IM,  Eisen AZ,  Wolff K,  Austen KF,  Goldsmith LA,  Katz SI editor. Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in general medicine. 6th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2003;p. 2138–2150
  27. Rotunda A, Hirsch RJ, Scheinfeld N, et al. Severe cutaneous reaction associated with the use of human immunodeficiency virus medications. Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83:1–9
  28. Mosam A, Dawood H. Antiretroviral therapy and the skin. S Afr Dermatol Rev. 2005;5:26–33
  29. Ward HA, Russo GG, Shrum J. Cutaneous manifestations of antiretroviral therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46:284–293
  30. Nelson AM. The pathology induced by modern anti-retroviral therapy against HIV. Histopathology. 2002;41(suppl. 2):73–76
  31. Warren KJ, Boxwell DE, Kim NY, Drolet BA. Nevirapine-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Lancet. 1998;351:567
  32. Santos RP, Ramilo O, Barton T. Nevirapine-associated rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:1053–1056
  33. Desai N, Mullen P, Mathur M. Lipodystrophy in pediatric HIV. Indian J Pediatr. 2008;75:351–354
  34. Calista D, Boschini A. Cutaneous side effects induced by indinavir. Eur J Dermatol. 2000;10:292–296
  35. Sass JO, Jakob-Sölder B, Heitger A, Tzimas G, Sarcletti M. Paronychia with pyogenic granuloma in a child treated with indinavir: the retinoid-mediated side effect theory revisited. Dermatology. 2000;200:40–42
  36. Bouscarat F, Bouchard C, Bouhour D. Paronychia and pyogenic granuloma of the great toes in patients treated with indinavir. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1776–1777
  37. Ghosn J, Duvivier C, Tubiana R, Katlama C, Caumes E. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by HIV postexposure prophylaxis with lopinavir-ritonavir. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:1360–1361
  38. Radhakrishnan R, Suhas S, Kumar RV, Krishnanand G, Srinivasan R, Rao NN. Plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity in an HIV- positive child. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;100:725–731
  39. Jenson HB, Leach CT, McClain KL, et al. Benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors containing Epstein–Barr virus in children with AIDS. Leuk Lymphoma. 1997;27:303–314
  40. Murdoch DM, Venter W, Feldman C, Van Rie A. The incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients in South Africa: a prospective study. AIDS. 2008;22:601–610
  41. Tangsinmankong N, Kamchaisatian W, Lujan-Zilbermann J, Brown CL, Sleasman JW, Emmanuel PJ. Varicella zoster as a manifestation of immune restoration disease in HIV-infected children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:742–746

PII: S1756-2317(09)00034-6

doi: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2009.02.007

Diagnostic Histopathology
Volume 15, Issue 5 , Pages 225-231 , May 2009